What are the four components of performance measures?

• A. Inputs, Outputs, Outcomes, and Efficiency or Unit-Cost Ratio
• B. Resources, Activities, Results, and Customer Satisfaction
• C. Time, Budget, Scope, Quality
• D. Planning, Implementing, Controlling, Reviewing

Answer: (A)

Performance measures assess what is used, what is produced, the changes achieved, and the efficiency of resource use. The four components are:

• Inputs: the resources devoted to delivering the service (money, staff time, materials).

• Outputs: the tangible products or services produced and delivered.

• Outcomes: the changes or benefits experience by the target population as a result of the service.

• Efficiency or unit-cost: how economically resources are used, often expressed as cost per unit of output or the relationship between outputs and inputs.

The other options mix elements that don’t form this four-part measurement framework. For example, one option combines resources and activities with results and a satisfaction metric, which doesn’t separately capture the change achieved or the efficiency of resource use. Another option reflects project-management constraints or a management cycle rather than a four-part performance-measure model.